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Top-k

Top-k is a sampling technique that narrows the model's options to the k most probable tokens, discarding all others before drawing. If k is 40, the model considers only the 40 highest-probability candidate words and ignores the rest of the vocabulary, however vast. It is like a bouncer who admits only the first 40 on the list and shuts the door on everyone else, regardless of how close they were. Unlike top-p, the count is fixed: always 40, whether the model is very confident or very uncertain. This makes it simple but rigid.

Definition

Top-k matters because it is a direct way to stop the model from picking absurd, very low-probability words. Its limit is rigidity: when few options dominate, 40 is too many; when many are valid, too few.

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