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NLP (Natural Language Processing)

Natural Language Processing is the AI field concerned with making machines understand, interpret and generate human language. It covers tasks like machine translation, sentiment analysis, entity recognition, summarization, question answering and text generation.

Definition

For decades, NLP relied on hand-written linguistic rules and specialized statistical models: one system for translation, one for sentiment, one for entities. The advent of Transformers and large language models revolutionized the field: a single generalist model now performs all these tasks, often better than specialized systems.

Every interaction with ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini is NLP in action, and prompting is, in effect, how the user "programs" these systems using natural language instead of code.

Related terms

• LLM (Large Language Model)
• Transformer
• Machine Learning
• Prompting
• Speech-to-Text (and Text-to-Speech)

More in AI Fundamentals

• LLM (Large Language Model)
• Token
• Context Window
• Temperature
• AI Hallucination
• Fine-tuning
• RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation)
• Embedding

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