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Vibe Coding

Vibe coding is a way of building software by describing what you want in plain language to an AI and largely accepting the code it produces, with little manual review of the details. The name captures the attitude: you follow the result and the vibes rather than reading every line, leaning on the AI to handle the implementation.

Definition

How it works

The developer prompts a coding AI or agent, runs what it generates, describes the next change or the bug in natural language, and iterates. The human steers by intent and by testing the behaviour, while the model writes and rewrites the code underneath.

Applications

Vibe coding suits prototypes, small tools and quick experiments, and it lets non-programmers assemble working software. Its limits show on anything that must be secure, maintainable or correct in detail, where accepting code you have not understood is a real risk.

History & etymology

The term was coined by Andrej Karpathy in February 2025 to describe giving in to the vibes and letting the AI code. It spread quickly and became a widely discussed, and debated, name for a practice that AI coding tools had made possible.

Related terms

• Prompt Engineering
• Prompt
• AI literacy
• Tool Use
• Context Engineering

More in AI Fundamentals

• LLM (Large Language Model)
• Token
• Context Window
• Temperature
• AI Hallucination
• Fine-tuning
• RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation)
• Embedding

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