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Regole sulla categorizzazione biometrica
Biometric categorization rules govern the use of AI systems that classify people into specific categories, such as presumed ethnicity, political opinions, sexual orientation or religious belief, based on biometric data such as facial features or gait. The EU AI Act treats these systems with particular severity: some applications are banned outright because they are considered an unacceptable risk, while others, where permitted, still fall into the high-risk category with strict obligations.
Banned in particular is biometric categorization that deduces or infers sensitive characteristics of people for the sole purpose of inferring such attributes, save for limited exceptions provided by the rule for specific purposes such as labeling or filtering lawfully acquired datasets or law-enforcement activities governed by particular safeguards. Emotion recognition in the workplace or in educational institutions is also subject to a specific ban, except for medical or safety reasons.
For companies developing computer vision or biometric analysis technologies, this set of rules requires careful upfront assessment of the system's purpose: the same facial recognition technology may be lawful for a physical security use case and prohibited if used to infer the sexual orientation or political opinions of the people captured.
The topic emerged in the European debate alongside the commercial spread of facial recognition and facial expression analysis technologies, fueling specific concerns about the risk of algorithmic discrimination and pervasive surveillance, which prompted a distinct and stricter regulatory treatment compared to other categories of AI systems.
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