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Human in the loop

"Human in the loop" refers to a design principle whereby a person remains an integral part of an AI system's decision process, able to intervene in, review or override the machine's decisions. Rather than letting AI operate in full autonomy, this approach places a human control point over important outputs, especially when decisions affect people, safety or rights. Oversight can take several forms: prior approval of every decision, sample review, or intervention only in uncertain cases the system flags.

Definition

In the European regulatory context, human oversight is a requirement for high-risk systems, meant to avoid over-reliance on the machine and to ensure accountability. The goal is not to slow automation but to ensure a competent person can understand, challenge and correct automated decisions.

Related terms

• High-risk AI systems (AI Act)
• Right to explanation
• Conformity assessment
• Transparency obligations
• NIST AI RMF

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